首癌免疫疗法:克服局限性并提高有效性
Hirofumi Shibata1, Masashi Kuroki1, Ryo Kawaura1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
Cancer science
|August 23, 2025
概括
免疫疗法,包括免疫检查点抑制剂,对晚期头癌 (HNCs) 提供生存益处. 新的策略和生物标志物对于改善HNSCC治疗的反应率和克服耐药性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 瘤学和免疫学
- 癌症研究
- 治疗头癌的方法
背景情况:
- 头部和部癌症 (HNCs) 是一个多样化的恶性瘤群,晚期的结果不佳.
- 头部和部状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 是免疫治疗中研究最多的HNC亚型.
- 目前的免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 在复发性/转移性HNSCC中显示出适度的反应率,因此需要改进治疗策略.
研究的目的:
- 提供针对HNC的免疫疗法的全面审查,重点是HNSCC.
- 讨论HNC免疫疗法的当前挑战和新兴策略.
- 突出瘤微环境和预测生物标志物在治疗疗效中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对HNCs免疫治疗的当前文献的审查,重点是HNSCC.
- 对免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 和新型免疫治疗方法的现有数据进行分析.
- 探索瘤微环境的作用和预测生物标志物的识别.
主要成果:
- 免疫检查点抑制剂 (抗PD-1) 改善了复发性/转移性HNSCC的存活率,但反应率很低.
- 新辅助和辅助免疫疗法有望改善局部晚期HNSCC的病理反应和生存.
- 癌症疫苗,TCR-T疗法和免疫调节剂 (HDAC,TLR,VEGF抑制剂) 等新兴策略旨在增强抗瘤免疫力和ICI反应能力.
结论:
- 尽管取得了进展,但优化HNC,特别是HNSCC的免疫治疗仍然存在重大挑战.
- 针对瘤微环境和利用预测生物标志物 (PD-L1,TMB,TLS) 是提高患者选择和治疗结果的关键.
- 未来的研究应该集中在克服耐药性机制和开发更有效的免疫疗法组合,以改善HNC的临床结果.
相关概念视频
Tumor Immunotherapy
660
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
660
Cancer Vaccines
509
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
509
Cancer Therapies
7.9K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
7.9K
Targeted Cancer Therapies
7.8K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.8K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
5.1K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.1K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
1.9K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
1.9K


