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PRISM:使用完全同型加密的隐私保护罕见疾病分析

Güliz Akkaya1, Nesli Erdoğmuş1, Mete Akgün2,3

  • 1Department of Computer Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.

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概括

PRISM是一个使用完全同型加密 (FHE) 的隐私保护框架,可以在没有数据暴露的情况下跨机构进行合作的罕见疾病变异分析. 它在各种遗传模式下提供更快的基因变异过.

关键词:
同型加密保护个人隐私罕见的疾病

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学
  • 生物信息学
  • 保护隐私的技术

背景情况:

  • 罕见疾病影响全球数百万人, 但基因组分析受到有限数据和GDPR等严格隐私法规的阻碍.
  • 合作基因组数据分析对于了解罕见疾病机制至关重要,但也面临重大隐私挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 推出PRISM,一个用于罕见疾病变异分析的新型隐私保护框架.
  • 为了实现对敏感的基因组数据进行安全的跨机构合作.
  • 在没有数据暴露的情况下,在衰退,主导和de novo遗传模型中促进变异过.

主要方法:

  • 开发PRISM,一个使用值完全同型加密 (FHE) 的框架,用于去中心化密钥管理.
  • 实施两个算法变体:乘法密集型 (MUL-IN) 和加法密集型 (ADD-IN).
  • 使用FHE对加密数据的致病变体进行过.

主要成果:

  • 在维护数据隐私的同时,PRISM能够在多个机构进行罕见疾病变异分析.
  • 与MUL-IN相比,ADD-IN算法实现了显著的运行时间改进 (衰退/主导的可达17倍,de novo的可达22倍).
  • 该框架展示了在单一云环境中分析数百万个变体的实用性和可扩展性.

结论:

  • PRISM为保护隐私的罕见疾病基因组分析提供了突破性的解决方案.
  • 该框架克服了隐私法规规定的数据访问限制.
  • 这项研究开创了FHE用于多遗传模型的罕见疾病变异分析.