根据先前接种疫苗的情况,COVID-19 后多病发病率:基于人口的队列研究
Boyan Liu1, Song Song2, Wenlong Liu1
1Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
The Journal of infection
|August 23, 2025
概括
COVID-19 感染增加了现有健康问题的人患多种慢性疾病的风险. 全方位疫苗接种显著降低了这种风险,为预防严重的感染后并发症提供了至关重要的保护.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生
- 流行病学
背景情况:
- 目前尚不清楚COVID-19 (包括SARS-CoV-2感染) 对健康的长期影响,尤其是在患有慢性疾病的人群中.
- 多病症,定义为两种或多种慢性疾病的存在,在流行病后的健康问题中越来越令人担忧.
- 了解SARS-CoV-2对多病症发展的影响对于公共卫生策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查 SARS-CoV-2 感染与至少一个先前存在的慢性疾病的个体的多病症的后续发展之间的联系.
- 评估COVID-19疫苗接种 (特别是3剂以上的全面疫苗接种) 对SARS-CoV-2感染后多病症的风险的保护作用.
主要方法:
- 使用香港全境电子健康记录进行了回顾性匹配队列研究.
- 这项研究包括100多万患有一种慢性疾病的个人,根据COVID-19感染状况和疫苗接种状况 (未接种疫苗,不完全接种疫苗,完全接种疫苗) 分类为两组.
- 主要测量结果是预先指定列表中的第二种慢性疾病的发生率,随访时间中位数为192天.
主要成果:
- 与没有感染相比,COVID-19 感染的多病发病率显著更高 (未接种疫苗的调整发病率比率[aIRR]为 1.26,接种疫苗的aIRR为 1.08).
- 与未接种疫苗的人 (86. 58) 相比,接种了COVID-19和完全接种疫苗 (≥3剂量) 的个体患多种疾病的风险要低得多 (72. 84每1000人/年).
- 与COVID-19感染相关的多病症风险在不同年龄,性别和并发症子组中得到了一致的观察.
结论:
- SARS-CoV-2 感染对已有慢性疾病的个体构成多病症的重大风险.
- 完全接种COVID-19疫苗可以显著减轻这种高风险,强调其在预防长期健康并发症方面的重要性.
- 接种疫苗是缓解COVID-19感染后多种慢性疾病的危险的关键公共卫生干预措施.
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