第三次接触COVID-19感染或接种疫苗会对T细胞反应产生不同影响
Gift Ahimbisibwe1, David Greenwood1, Katalin Andrea Wilkinson2
1The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK.
The Journal of infection
|August 23, 2025
概括
第三次暴露,无论是mRNA增强剂还是SARS-CoV-2感染,都会产生类似的抗体保护. 然而,暴露途径会影响不同的细胞免疫反应和细胞因子,影响长期免疫力.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 两剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗在2021年显著降低了COVID-19的严重程度.
- 限定的激活时间和宽松的限制导致感染成为常见的第三次暴露.
- 了解不同第三次暴露的免疫反应对于长期的COVID-19保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过mRNA增强剂与SARS-CoV-2感染后的幽默和细胞免疫反应进行比较.
- 调查疫苗与混合免疫对两个初始疫苗剂量后免疫特征的影响.
- 在不同的第三次暴露途径后评估T细胞群中的功能差异.
主要方法:
- 疫苗免疫 (mRNA增强剂) 与混合免疫 (感染) 的健康成年人免疫反应的比较.
- 使用活病毒中和试验,IFN-γ ELISpot,Luminex,流细胞计和质细胞计.
- 在UCLH-Crick Legacy队列研究中评估的免疫特征 (NCT04750356).
主要成果:
- 在第三个暴露组中观察到相似的总抗IgG和变异特异性中和抗体水平.
- 总体而言,T细胞群体是相似的,但表现出功能差异.
- 疫苗组显示CD69和Granzyme B的CD8+效应记忆 (TEM) 细胞表达更高;混合组产生更高的先天细胞因子 (IL-10,IL-34) 和CCL25.
结论:
- 作为第三次暴露的mRNA增强剂和感染均提供了与SARS-CoV-2变体相比较广泛的保护.
- 第三次暴露的途径对免疫反应的特定方面有不同的影响.
- 根据第三种暴露途径,需要进一步研究以了解系统性和粘膜部位的长期免疫力.
相关概念视频
Vaccinations
45.3K
Overview
45.3K
Immunological Memory
4.8K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
4.8K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
4.5K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
4.5K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
917
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
917
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
1.9K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
1.9K
Tumor Immunotherapy
660
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
660


