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相关概念视频

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
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Sign Test for Nominal Data01:12

Sign Test for Nominal Data

152
The sign test is a nonparametric method used to evaluate hypotheses about the median of a single sample or to compare the medians of two related samples. The sign test is particularly useful when dealing with nominal data, which includes distinct categories without an inherent order, such as names, labels, and preferences. Nominal data restricts statistical analysis to evaluating population proportions rather than mean or median values that require continuous data.
For example, consider a...
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Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

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Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
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Persuasion Strategies01:52

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Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Operant Conditioning Task to Measure Song Preference in Zebra Finches
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偏好信号可以简化申请人选择过程吗?

Jeffrey Melvin1, Luise I Pernar1, Aaron Richman1

  • 1Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA; Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston MA.

Journal of surgical education
|August 23, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

使用偏好信号来选通用外科住院申请人简化了面试过程. 这种方法有效地减少了初始申请审查工作量,但没有显著改变申请人的人口统计或质量.

关键词:
匹配的偏好信号招聘情况居留申请

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科学领域:

  • 医学教育
  • 外科住院招生
  • 申请人的选

背景情况:

  • 在2022年,一般外科住院申请中引入了优先信号.
  • 最初,申请人可以使用5个信号,在2025年匹配周期中增加到15个信号.
  • 在2024年,除了那些发出信号的申请人之外,还采访了更多的申请人,表明了更广泛的选择标准.

研究的目的:

  • 评估仅使用偏好信号进行面试选择对申请人的影响.
  • 通过不同选方法在三个匹配周期 (2023-2025年) 中比较申请人的特点.
  • 确定转向仅信号选是否会影响申请人群的多样性和质量.

主要方法:

  • 一个单一的学术医疗中心的整体外科住院计划综合审查了申请.
  • 分析了申请人的数据 (性别,种族,医学院地区,评审者得分,第二步得分).
  • 对分别的分类变量和连续变量使用了基平方和t测试;ANOVA对所有三组进行了比较.

主要成果:

  • 在2023年,2024年和2025年之间,全面审查的申请人没有发现显著的人口差异.
  • 在2024年,教师选择和信号选择申请人之间没有人口差异.
  • 仅使用偏好信号的2025年周期产生了与前几年相比的申请人群.

结论:

  • 仅使用偏好信号选一般外科住院申请人是一种有效的方法.
  • 这种方法大大减少了初始选工作量.
  • 使用偏好信号不会对受访申请人群的多样性或质量产生负面影响.