孩子们要求得到同等的无价值物品
Colin Jacobs1, Sebastian Grueneisen2, Harriet Over3
1University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Developmental science
|August 24, 2025
概括
小孩子拒绝不公平的待遇, 即使不平等的物品是不受欢迎的. 这种高昂的不平等的拒绝表明人际关系的关心, 不仅仅是物质上的利益, 推动了儿童的公平发展.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学
- 行为经济学
- 社会神经科学
背景情况:
- 公平发展包括对不平等的厌恶,个人为了避免不平等的结果而牺牲奖励.
- 平等尊重假设认为儿童的公平决定受到人际关系的影响,而不仅仅是物质考虑.
研究的目的:
- 调查小孩是否拒绝不利的不平等,当不平等的项目是不可取的.
- 要确定人际关系因素,比如分销商的推理,是否影响孩子们拒绝不公平.
主要方法:
- 在4至7岁的184名儿童中进行了三项预先注册的实验.
- 分析了孩子们对不良物品的不平等反应.
- 研究了为不平等分配提供理由对儿童拒绝行为的影响.
主要成果:
- 只有4岁的孩子表示厌恶不平等的物体分配.
- 孩子们愿意牺牲高价值的奖励, 拒绝涉及不良物品的不公平.
- 当提供差异的原因时,拒绝不平等的不良物品的可能性降低了.
结论:
- 人与人之间的关心极大程度上促使人们拒绝不公平,即使物质后果微不足道.
- 孩子的公平判断受到社会和关系因素的影响,
- 这些发现支持平等尊重假设,强调社会动机在早期公平发展中的作用.
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