精神分裂症,双相情感障碍和一级亲属中的社会认知缺陷:大样本多任务调查
Scott D Blain1, Jerillyn S Kent2, Chloe A Peyromaure de Bord2
1The Ohio State University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, USA; University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, USA.
Psychiatry research
|August 24, 2025
概括
在精神分裂症 (SZ) 和双相情感障碍 (BD) 中存在社会认知缺陷,与遗传责任相关. 这些障碍,特别是精神障碍,表明对精神障碍的特定领域的脆弱性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 精神病学
- 遗传学
背景情况:
- 社会认知缺陷在精神分裂症 (SZ) 和双相情感障碍 (BD) 中普遍存在.
- 这些缺陷在一级亲属中被观察到,
- 之前的研究受限于小样本和单项评估.
研究的目的:
- 调查SZ,BD患者,他们的一级亲属和健康对照者的社会认知.
- 检查情绪识别和思维能力的差异.
- 探索社会认知与症状严重程度之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在SZ (n=105),BD (n=37),亲属 (n=101) 和HC (n=53) 中使用四个任务的社会认知:情感识别 (ER-40,PROID) 和心智化 (三角形,SAT-MC).
- 使用贝叶斯证实因素分析来得出社会认知因素.
- 使用积极/消极症状评估尺度 (SAPS/SANS) 评估与症状严重性的相关性.
主要成果:
- 在社会认知方面发现了显著的群体差异 (F = 18. 10, p < . 001),其中HC表现最好,SZ表现最差.
- 与HC和SZ相比,BD和亲属显示中等赤字,差异很大.
- 精神化任务显示出比情感识别任务更大的群体差异,社会认知与患者的症状严重程度有负相关性.
结论:
- 社会认知缺陷与精神病的遗传责任有关,在SZ中最严重,在BD和亲属中最中间.
- 心理上的缺陷比情感识别更明显,
- 社会认知可以作为精神疾病的内因型,有助于早期识别和干预.
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