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在发育语言障碍的儿童中对抑制控制的纵向探索

Jorge-Luis Guirado-Moreno¹, Victor A Sanchez-Azanza¹, Àngels Esteller-Cano¹

¹Investigació en Desenvolupament, Educació i Llenguatge (I+DEL), Institut de Recerca i Innovació Educativa (IRIE), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB) Spain, Illes Balears, Palma (07122), Spain.

Journal of communication disorders

|August 24, 2025

概括

与同龄人相比,患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的儿童初步表现出抑制控制的困难. 然而,这种缺陷似乎在青春期消失,这表明暂时存在特定领域的挑战.

科学领域:

神经发育障碍
认知发展
语言学习

背景情况:

患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的儿童经常表现出执行功能缺陷.
关于DLD儿童的抑制控制的长度数据有限.

研究的目的:

与典型发育 (TD) 同龄人相比,对DLD儿童的抑制控制进行纵向评估.
了解DLD中抑制控制的发展轨迹.

主要方法:

在三个波段中采用了纵向研究设计.
用Flanker任务测量干扰控制,这是抑制控制的一个关键方面.
参与者包括12名DLD儿童和31名TD同龄人,数据采集年龄在8.3至16.1岁之间.

主要成果:

与TD组相比,DLD组在初始波中表现出更慢的响应时间和更大的干扰效应 (IE).
随着时间的推移,各组之间的精度差异减少,最后一波的IE精度没有显著差异.
虽然在两组不一致的试验中反应时间较慢,但随着时间的推移,DLD组的干扰效应的大小下降.

结论:

患有DLD的儿童在抑制控制方面表现出发育滞后,在青春期似乎有所改善.
这些发现表明DLD内的抑制控制具有特定的难度,随着年龄的增长而有所改善.
纵向评估揭示了DLD抑制控制的动态发展过程,挑战了以前的横截面假设.

关键词:

孩子们认知发展发育性语言障碍抑制作用

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