在长期住院精神分裂症患者的职业治疗中添加超认知训练的有效性:试点随机对照试验
Rumi Sunohara1,2, Shohei Ichikawa2, Daiki Saito2
1Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, JPN.
Cureus
|August 25, 2025
概括
在长期住院的精神分裂症患者中,结合职业治疗 (OT) 的超认知训练 (MCT) 似乎是可行的,这可能会改善精神症状,特别是在老年人中. 认知功能没有显著改善.
科学领域:
- 精神病学
- 认知神经科学
- 老年学
背景情况:
- 精神分裂症是一种慢性精神疾病, 通常需要长期住院治疗.
- 长期住院的精神分裂症患者经常出现持续的精神症状和认知缺陷.
- 超认知训练 (MCT) 是一种旨在改善认知和情绪调节的治疗方法.
研究的目的:
- 对长期住院精神分裂症患者的精神症状和认知功能的超认知训练 (MCT) 与职业治疗 (OT) 的影响进行调查.
- 评估老年慢性精神分裂症患者中MCT的可行性和潜在益处.
- 探索与年龄相关的对认知功能和治疗反应的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及日本精神分裂症长期住院患者的随机对照试验.
- 参与者被分配到四个月的职业治疗 (OT) 加上16个每周的MCT会议或单独的OT.
- 在干预前和后评估了认知功能 (MoCA- J),精神症状 (PANSS),认知洞察力 (BCIS) 和整体功能 (GAF).
主要成果:
- 这两组的认知功能均呈上升趋势 (MoCA- J),两组之间没有显著差异.
- 观察到年龄和MoCA- J分数之间存在负相关性.
- 与单独的OT相比,OT+MCT组的负面症状,一般精神病理和PANSS总分显著改善,特别是在老年参与者 (≥68岁) 中.
结论:
- 对于长期住院的老年精神分裂症患者来说,在与职业治疗 (OT) 结合时,超认知训练 (MCT) 是可行的.
- 对于老年患者来说,OT+MCT在治疗持续性精神症状方面可能特别有益,尽管认知功能没有显著改善.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索认知效应,最佳治疗参数和药物相互作用.
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