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蛋白质补充对身体组成,生理适应和耐力训练中的表现的影响:系统审查和元分析
Yang Xiao1, ZhengWu Deng2, Wei Sun3
1School of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
Frontiers in nutrition
|August 25, 2025
概括
在耐力训练中补充蛋白质可以轻微增加肌肉质量, 显著改善疲劳的时间. 然而,它不会显著影响体重,脂肪量或整体有氧/无氧能力.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学
- 运动营养
- 人类表现
背景情况:
- 耐力训练对于改善心血管健康和运动表现至关重要.
- 运动员经常使用蛋白质补充剂来支持肌肉适应和恢复.
- 耐力训练和蛋白质补充剂的联合效果需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估耐力训练与蛋白质补充剂的长期影响.
- 评估对身体构成,生理适应和运动表现的影响.
- 为了综合随机对照试验的证据.
主要方法:
- 在主要的科学数据库 (Web of Science,PubMed,SPORTDiscus) 进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 关键词包括"耐力训练"和"蛋白质补充剂".
- 分析使用随机效应模型来确定效应大小 (SMD) 和探索调节者.
主要成果:
- 分析了23个随机交叉试验,其中有1,146名参与者.
- 蛋白质补充剂显示瘦体质的增加很小,但不显著 (SMD = 0.13).
- 在未经训练的个体中,观察到时间到疲劳 (TTE) 的显著改善 (SMD = 0. 45),对VO2max有潜在的益处.
结论:
- 在耐力训练期间补充蛋白质可能会适度提高耐力表现 (TTE) 和瘦身量,特别是在未经训练的人群中.
- 在一般人群中,总体体重,脂肪量和有氧/无氧能力没有显著影响.
- 进一步的研究可能会探索特定群体和最佳蛋白质摄入策略.
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