大型食肉动物的有意和无意的人类食品补贴景观
Matthew M Smith1, David M MacFarland2, Jennifer L Price Tack2
1Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA.
Ecology and evolution
|August 25, 2025
概括
人类粮食补贴对美国黑熊的饮食有很大影响, 垃圾和作物等非故意来源导致人与野生动物之间的冲突增加. 了解这些模式有助于野生动物管理者减少冲突.
科学领域:
- 生态学
- 野生动物管理
- 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 人类活动改变了生态系统,创造了野生动物开发的新型粮食资源 (补贴).
- 这种剥削,尤其是像美国黑熊 (Ursus americanus) 这样的大型食肉动物,会加剧人类与野生动物之间的冲突.
- 不同类型的人类食品补贴的驱动因素和后果尚未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 估计美国威斯康星州黑熊的比例饮食,重点关注人类食品补贴.
- 模拟景观变量对故意 (如诱) 和非故意 (如废物,作物) 人类食品补贴的影响.
- 预测人类补贴消费的空间变化及其与人类野生动物冲突的关系.
主要方法:
- 对熊组织进行稳定同位素分析 (δ13C和δ15N),以确定食成分.
- 统计模型将饮食比例与景观变量 (例如土地覆盖面,人类活动) 联系起来.
- 人类补贴消费和冲突风险的空间预测映射.
主要成果:
- 美国黑熊消耗大量非故意的 (32%) 和故意的 (7%) 人类食品补贴.
- 有意的补贴消费与公共土地和狩猎活动相关;无意的补贴消费随着玉米生产和自然土地覆盖面的减少而增加.
- 报告的人类与野生动物冲突事件随着人为食品补贴的增加而增加.
结论:
- 人类的食物补贴,尤其是无意的补贴, 显著改变了美国黑熊的饮食,
- 对于有针对性的野生动物管理来说,对土地的补贴消费模式的了解至关重要.
- 管理战略应侧重于减少可获得的人类食品补贴以缓解冲突.
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