在美国工作年龄的成年人中自我报告的ADHD诊断和非法药物使用和处方药的滥用
Andrew S London1, Kevin M Antshel1, Joshua Grove1
1Syracuse University, NY, USA.
Journal of attention disorders
|August 25, 2025
概括
患有注意力缺陷/多动症 (ADHD) 的成年人使用非法药物和滥用处方药的比例更高. 这种风险即使没有被诊断为药物使用障碍 (DUD),也仍然存在,这凸显了全面查的必要性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 公共卫生
- 精神病学
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动症 (ADHD) 是一种影响执行功能的神经发育障碍.
- 药物使用障碍 (SUD) 经常与ADHD并发症.
- 了解ADHD与一般劳动年龄人口中药物使用之间的关系至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查自我报告的终身ADHD诊断与非法药物和处方药的使用/滥用之间的联系.
- 为了比较ADHD和没有ADHD的成年人的药物使用模式,包括那些没有先前药物使用障碍 (DUD) 的人.
- 确定与ADHD成年人使用高的特定药物类别.
主要方法:
- 分析2023年国家福利调查数据 (N=7,044).
- 估计11种药物类别 (7种非法药物,4种处方药) 的使用/滥用时间和过去一年.
- 控制人口因素的多变量后勤回归模型,应用于没有DUD的总样本和子样本.
主要成果:
- 与没有ADHD的成年人相比,ADHD的成年人报告使用或滥用所有11种药物的寿命和过去一年显著增加.
- 在对人口变量进行控制后,这些差异仍然很大 (AOR为1.63-3.33).
- 甚至在ADHD但没有DUD的成年人中也观察到使用/滥用率升高,特定物质的AOR从1. 54到3. 48不等.
结论:
- 在工作年龄的成年人中,ADHD是增加非法药物使用和处方药滥用的重要危险因素.
- 临床医生应定期对ADHD成年人进行广泛的药物使用查,不论是否同时出现DUD.
- 未来的国家调查应纳入ADHD评估措施,以更好地了解这种关系.
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