乳牛群对高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒具有特征性的抗体反应
Lindsey R Robinson-McCarthy1,2, Holly C Simmons1, Aaron L Graber1,3
1Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Journal of virology
|August 25, 2025
概括
感染禽流感 (H5N1) 的奶牛在牛奶中表现出一致的抗体反应. 这种牛奶抗体分析有助于评估群体免疫力,并跟踪2024年疫情期间的病毒演变.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学
- 免疫学
- 食品安全问题
背景情况:
- 一种高度致病性禽流感病毒 (H5类 2.3.4.4b) 在美国乳牛中爆发,在多个州迅速蔓延.
- 针对血凝素 (HA) 蛋白的抗体对抗流感病毒至关重要.
- 了解牲畜群体免疫力对于控制病毒传播和进化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国乳牛群对H5N1禽流感病毒的集体抗体反应.
- 评估使用商店购买的牛奶作为牛群免疫力监测工具的潜力.
- 在牛奶中检测到的抗体的特异性和活性.
主要方法:
- 分析来自不同地理区域和乳制品厂的购买牛奶样本.
- 在牛奶样本中检测血凝素 (HA) 结合抗体.
- 使用牛奶抗体对表达乳牛HA和神经氨基酶 (NA) 的活病毒进行中和测定.
主要成果:
- 在经历H5N1爆发的国家的牛奶样本中检测到HA结合抗体.
- 来自牛奶的抗体中和了表达乳牛H5HA和NA的复制病毒
- 不同牛奶样本的抗体表现出非常相似的活性和HA结合特异性,主要针对2.3.4.4b HA.
结论:
- 在流感爆发期间,可以利用商店购买的牛奶来评估牛群的集体抗体反应和群体免疫力.
- 观察到的均抗体反应表明群体免疫的潜在途径,但也引起了对逃生变种快速出现的担忧.
- 通过牛奶分析监测群体免疫力对于了解H5N1疫情的发展轨迹和预测未来的病毒演变至关重要.
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