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多层次糖尿病预防干预措施以解决糖尿病风险中的人口不平等:范围审查
Reshma Patel1, Kathy Kornas1, David Gerstle2
1Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T1P8, Canada, 1 4169786064.
JMIR public health and surveillance
|August 25, 2025
概括
多层次的糖尿病预防干预措施有望减少健康不平等. 然而,研究很少衡量公平的结果,强调未来的研究需要关注对弱势群体的影响.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 医疗公平研究
- 预防糖尿病 科学
背景情况:
- 由于社会,经济和环境因素, 2 型糖尿病对边缘化社区的影响不成比例.
- 针对个体的预防策略往往忽视了多层次的社会生态因素,
- 解决各种健康决定因素的多层次干预提供了一种有希望的方法来减少糖尿病风险不平等.
研究的目的:
- 在针对人口不平等的多层次糖尿病预防干预中系统地绘制健康决定因素.
- 评估这些干预措施有效性的现有证据.
主要方法:
- 使用多个数据库和灰色文献对2000-2024年的研究进行范围审查.
- 制定一个概念框架来定义和指导多层次干预的审查 (微,中,宏观层面).
- 数据的提取和综合集中在干预特征,目标决定因素和报告的结果,包括近似结果和股权结果.
主要成果:
- 25项研究符合纳入标准,干预措施分为针对性,环境或社区.
- 大多数干预措施涉及2或3个影响级别,重点关注体重,体力活动和饮食等近期结果.
- 由于只有32%的人报告了代谢风险变化,因此存在显著的差距,并且没有人一致测量了与糖尿病发病率相关的人口不平等或公平结果.
结论:
- 多层次的糖尿病预防干预措施并没有一致地衡量人口公平的结果.
- 在未来的研究中,有必要优先考虑和一致报告公平的结果.
- 未来的评估应强调干预措施对弱势群体和糖尿病发病率的整体人口不平等的影响.
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