在弗吉尼亚州的成年精神病患者中取消枪支资格和恢复权利
Jeffrey Swanson1, Michele Easter2, Madeline Stenger2
1Dr. Swanson is a professor, Dr. Easter is an associate professor, Dr. Stenger is a postdoctoral research associate, and Mr. Goodrich is an analyst programmer (retired), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Dr. Gardner is an assistant professor, Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences and Dr. Zelle is an associate professor of research, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA. Mr. Bonnie is a Harrison Foundation Professor of Medicine and Law Emeritus, University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA. Jeffrey.swanson@duke.edu.
严重精神疾病的枪支禁令减少了35.9%的枪支犯罪逮捕. 在背景检查中报告失格记录进一步降低了这一风险,表明部分有效性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 犯罪学
- 精神病学
背景情况:
- 法律禁止使用枪支的目的是减少暴力.
- 这些法规的重点是患有严重精神疾病的个人.
- 这些法律的有效性, 特别是关于枪支暴力, 需要持续评估.
研究的目的:
- 评估枪支禁令对涉及枪支的暴力犯罪逮捕的影响.
- 确定向背景检查系统报告不合格的心理健康裁决是否会提高公共安全.
- 审查恢复枪支权利后的结果,包括暴力犯罪和自杀.
主要方法:
- 一项基于人口的研究,对弗吉尼亚州128,090名严重精神疾病和精神病住院病史的成年人进行了研究 (1998-2015).
- 分析枪支犯罪和非枪支犯罪的逮捕率,
- 对重新获得枪支资格的个人进行小组分析,检查随后的逮捕和死亡率.
主要成果:
- 有关枪支暴力犯罪的年均逮捕率下降了35.9%.
- 报告被取消资格的记录给背景调查系统降低了涉及枪支的暴力犯罪逮捕的几率 (OR = 0.7).
- 在那些重新获得枪支权利的人中,有14.6%因暴力犯罪而被捕,1.5%因自杀而死亡,其中一半的自杀涉及枪支.
结论:
- 枪支禁令在严重精神疾病患者中减少了枪支暴力的部分效果.
- 为了最大限度地提高这些禁令的有效性,向背景调查数据库报告失格记录至关重要.
- 由于包括暴力犯罪和自杀在内的潜在公共安全风险, 恢复枪支权利需要仔细考虑.
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