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英国高近视成人病态近视的流行病学
Fabian Yii1,2, Niall Strang3, Miguel O Bernabeu4
1Robert O Curle Ophthalmology Suite, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK fabian.yii@ed.ac.uk.
The British journal of ophthalmology
|August 25, 2025
概括
病态近视 (PM) 影响了英国40%以上的近视成年人,大多是轻微的. 近视的严重程度是这种常见眼睛疾病的唯一可改变的风险因素.
科学领域:
- 眼科 眼科
- 流行病学
- 遗传学
背景情况:
- 高近视是发展病态近视 (PM) 的重要危险因素,这是视力损失的主要原因.
- 了解不同人群中PM的流行和风险因素对于早期检测和干预至关重要.
- 之前关于颗粒物发病率的研究范围和地理代表性有限.
研究的目的:
- 在英国高近视的成年人中确定病态近视 (PM) 的患病率.
- 确定与PM相关的基底生物标志物和风险因素.
- 调查近视严重程度与PM存在之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 来自英国生物库的2000名英国成年人 (年龄在40-70岁) 的横截面研究,近视度高 (SER ≤-5.00D).
- 使用"病理近视分析"框架对3024张 fundus 照片进行双重分级,由视网膜专家进行评判.
- 多变量混合效应逻辑回归分析以确定与PM相关的独立风险因素和生物标志物.
主要成果:
- 在41. 7%的参与者中发现了病态近视,大多数病例呈现轻度扩散胆管缩.
- PM的独立风险因素包括较低的球体等效折射率 (SER),年龄较大,女性性别,较低的剥夺,白人种族,较低的视网膜动脉静脉比率,视网膜血管复杂度增加和水平盘方向.
- 没有发现可改变的生活方式或与健康相关的变量与PM有关.
结论:
- 病态近视 (PM) 在英国高近视的成年人中非常普遍,尽管通常是轻微的.
- 近视的严重程度是PM的主要可改变的风险因素.
- 需要对种族和视网膜血管变化等不可改变的危险因素进行进一步的研究.
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