在最高法院2023年肯定行动裁决后,
Mytien Nguyen1, Alexandra M Hajduk2, Tonya L Fancher3
1Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
JAMA network open
|August 26, 2025
概括
2023年最高法院对肯定的行动的裁决导致美国医学院的医学学生入学率下降. 这项研究发现接受率出现差异,特别是在没有先前的肯定行动禁令的国家.
科学领域:
- 医疗教育
- 医疗公平
- 教育社会学
背景情况:
- 美国2023年最高法院 (SCOTUS) 的裁决显著限制了大学录取的基于种族的肯定行动.
- 这一决定对医学研究生教育的多样性有潜在影响.
- 了解对医学院招生的影响对于维持多元化的医生人才至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国医学博士 (MD) 授予计划的申请,接受和入学率.
- 为了比较2023年SCOTUS肯定行动决定之前和之后的比例.
- 在裁决之后, 确定医学院招生人口变化.
主要方法:
- 使用美国医学院协会的非识别数据进行了回顾性横截面研究.
- 分析包括2019-2023年 (裁决前) 和2024年 (裁决后) 的美国MD授予医学院的申请人和入学者.
- 关键的结果是种族和民族的申请,接受和入学率.
主要成果:
- 2024年,与2019-2023年相比,白人和亚裔申请人的接受率增加,但与黑人和在医学 (URiM) 中代表性不足的申请人相比,接受率下降.
- 在2024年,URiM申请人接受率明显低于白人和亚洲申请人.
- 在2024年,入学学生中的URiM学生代表性下降了3.56个百分点,相当于URiM入学者减少了503人,而这些下降集中在没有先前肯定行动禁令的州.
结论:
- 2023年的SCOTUS裁决与URiM学生在美国医学院的入学率下降有关.
- 在裁决后,URiM申请人的接受率出现了差异.
- 这些发现表明SCOTUS决定与医学院入学人口变化之间存在联系,特别是在特定的州环境中.
相关概念视频
Standards of Care I
760
Federal statutes profoundly impact nursing practice, providing critical guidelines to ensure patient care is equitable, accessible, and of the highest quality. The following laws address distinct aspects of healthcare provision and patient rights:
760
Reliability and Validity
13.2K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
13.2K
Nursing Ethical Principles II
1.3K
Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's...
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's...
1.3K
Confirmation Biases
7.2K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
7.2K
Ethics and Bioethics
1.5K
Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
1.5K
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
91.4K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
91.4K


