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在大学环境下儿童牙医的抗生素处方实践
Evelina Kratunova1, Justin Baik2, David Avenetti3
1Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA.
Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.)
|August 27, 2025
概括
儿童牙科抗生素处方显示适度遵守指南. 在较小的儿童和医疗危害患者中,不适当的处方更为常见,这凸显了改善抗生素管理的必要性.
科学领域:
- 儿童牙科
- 传染性疾病
- 药理学
背景情况:
- 抗生素耐药性是一个日益严重的全球性健康问题.
- 在儿童牙科中适当使用抗生素对于有效治疗和预防耐药性至关重要.
- 美国儿童牙科学会 (AAPD) 提供了关于抗生素处方的最佳实践建议.
研究的目的:
- 评估一所大学儿童牙科诊所的抗生素处方模式.
- 评估对抗生素选择,剂量,频率和持续时间的AAPD准则的遵守.
- 确定与儿童牙科患者不适当的抗生素处方相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 对279名0-17岁患者的电子病历进行了27个月的回顾性横截面研究.
- 对患者人口统计,诊断和抗生素处方细节的分析.
- 统计分析包括千二测试和后勤回归以确定影响处方的因素,可靠性为科恩的卡帕.
主要成果:
- 总体上,对AAPD指南的遵守率为61.6%.
- 在0至7岁的儿童和病情不佳的患者中,不适当的处方更为频繁 (OR=2. 15).
- 还发现了涉及永久牙的感染 (OR=1. 95) 和基于体重的剂量错误 (6. 5%,主要是剂量不足). COVID-19 疫情并没有改变不适当处方的比例.
结论:
- 儿童牙科抗生素处方显示适度遵守AAPD指南.
- 患者的年龄,病情和牙类型是影响处方适当性的重要因素.
- 加强抗生素管理计划和提供者教育对于优化处方实践至关重要.
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