在患有自闭症谱系障碍或智力障碍的儿童中推迟诊断
Janaína Aparecida de Oliveira Augusto1, Carolina Kulcsar Caravieri1, Rodrigo Genaro Arduini2
1Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
Dementia & neuropsychologia
|August 27, 2025
概括
自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和智力障碍 (ID) 的延迟诊断在发展中国家很常见. 早期识别和诊断对于自闭症和智障儿童的有效干预和支持至关重要.
科学领域:
- 儿童神经病学
- 发展心理学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 发展中国家在诊断自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和智力障碍 (ID) 等神经发育障碍方面面临重大延迟.
- 父母的担忧往往在诊断之前存在很大差距,
- 早期检测对于改善ASD和ID儿童的结果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在巴西儿童神经病诊所确定家长的担忧和ASD和ID诊断之间的时间差.
- 研究自闭症和智障儿童的认知功能指标与行为/情绪问题之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及106名被诊断为ID (n=69) 和ASD (n=37) 的巴西公共卫生网络儿童的研究.
- 包括标准:ID和ASD的诊断. 排除标准:多动症和特殊学习障碍等并发症.
- 收集的数据包括首次出现症状的年龄,诊断的时间,认知功能和行为/情绪问题.
主要成果:
- 对于自闭症和痴呆症来说,父母的担忧和诊断之间存在显著的延迟,诊断发生在最初的担忧后的6. 6- 6. 8年左右.
- 与ASD儿童相比,ID儿童的认知功能得分明显较低.
- 患有自闭症的儿童表现出更高的外部化问题得分, 而患有自闭症的儿童表现出更高的内部化问题得分.
结论:
- 这项研究证实了研究群体中自闭症和智障的晚期诊断.
- 这些发现强调了培训初级保健专业人员早期识别和诊断自闭症和智障的必要性.
- 改善早期发现策略对于及时干预和更好地管理神经发育障碍至关重要.
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