不同神经肌肉训练方式对老年人的平衡性能的影响:系统性审查和网络元分析
Yuanji Zhong1, Pengwei Chen1, Wenhao Guo2
1School of Physical Education and Arts, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China.
Frontiers in physiology
|August 27, 2025
概括
感官运动训练 (ST) 和神经功能训练 (NT) 显著改善老年人的动力平衡,降低跌倒风险. 其他方法如全身振动训练 (WBVT) 和平衡训练 (BT) 对动态平衡产生了适度的影响.
科学领域:
- 老年学
- 康复科学
- 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 神经肌肉训练 (NMT) 对于提高老年人的平衡和降低跌倒风险至关重要.
- 不同NMT模式的相对有效性,包括感觉运动训练 (ST),全身振动训练 (WBVT),神经功能训练 (NT) 和平衡训练 (BT),尚未得到充分证实.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估和排名各种NMT方式对老年人的平衡性能的影响.
- 为了比较ST,WBVT,NT和BT在改善动态和静态平衡方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA指南进行系统审查和网络元分析.
- 包括49项随机对照试验,涉及3028名老年人.
- 使用动态平衡测量 (定时起步测试 (TUGT),步行测试 (WT)) 和静态平衡 (伯格平衡量级 (BBS)) 评估干预效果.
主要成果:
- 传感运动训练 (ST) 和神经功能训练 (NT) 显著改善了动态平衡 (TUGT),在有效性方面排名最高.
- 全身振动训练 (WBVT) 和平衡训练 (BT) 也显示出对动态平衡的统计显著,但适度的影响.
- 对任何静态平衡 (BBS) 干预措施都没有观察到统计学意义上的改善,这表明增强姿势稳定性的证据有限.
结论:
- 神经功能训练 (NT) 和感官运动训练 (ST) 是增强老年人动态平衡的最有效的NMT模式.
- 这些发现支持在老年人中针对性地使用NT和ST来预防跌倒.
- 通过这些NMT干预措施改善静态平衡和步行速度的证据仍然有限且不确.
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