预防和康复由尘埃引起的职业支气管肺部疾病的综合战略:一个范围审查
Alexandr E Gulyayev1,2, Karlygash S Absattarova1, Sayagul A Kairgeldina1
1Scientific Research Department, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Research Institute of Balneology and Medical Rehabilitation, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
职业支气管肺部疾病 (OBPD) 与尘埃暴露和延迟诊断有关. 通过生物标志物及综合多学科治疗,包括营养和草药疗法,可以改善结果.
科学领域:
- 职业健康问题
- 肺病学
- 环境医学
背景情况:
- 职业支气管肺部疾病 (OBPD),如肺结核病和病,对公共卫生构成重大挑战,特别是在涉及采矿和建筑行业的行业.
- 长期吸入纤维化尘埃会导致肺部不可逆转的损伤和工作能力的降低,通常是由于晚期诊断.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关职业支气管肺病 (OBPD) 的当前文献.
- 确定OBPD的风险因素,诊断挑战和潜在的治疗策略.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA-ScR指导方针,使用阿克西和奥马利框架进行了范围审查.
- 在PubMed,Scopus和灰色文献 (2014-2024) 上进行了搜索,选了1761个记录,最终综合包括了9项研究.
主要成果:
- 长期暴露于/煤尘,吸烟和遗传因素是主要风险.
- 诊断延迟是由于高分辨率CT和呼出氧化分析的不足.
- 像IL-6和TNF-α这样的生物标志物显示出诊断潜力;营养和多疗法改善呼吸功能,但未得到充分利用.
结论:
- 一种基于生物标志物的方法, 结合早期诊断,防尘和康复至关重要.
- 多学科的护理模式对于减轻OBPD的临床和社会经济影响至关重要.
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