在请求时协助死亡的表达主义者关注
1Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA jonathon.vandenhombergh@nih.gov.
Journal of medical ethics
|August 27, 2025
概括
即使法律不那么严格, 仍然存在对安乐死和辅助自杀的反对. 要求只有自愿的请求,而不是不可挽回的痛苦, 仍然意味着某些人被合理地认为死亡更好.
科学领域:
- 生物伦理学
- 医疗法
- 法学哲学
背景情况:
- 表达主义者反对安乐死和协助自杀 (EAS) 的法律,
- 一个最近的论点表明,只要求知情,有能力和自愿的EAS法律可能通过删除不可挽回的痛苦标准来规避这一异议.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估要求较少的EAS法律 (仅要求自愿请求) 避免表达主义的反对意见.
- 证明表现主义的异议即使是无法弥补的痛苦也不是EAS的前提.
主要方法:
- 哲学论证,分析表达主义反对的逻辑结构.
- 在EAS立法中研究以自治为中心的伦理框架的含义.
- 开发一个与原来的表达主义异议平行的论点, 适用于修改的EAS标准.
主要成果:
- 这项研究认为,只有自愿请求要求的EAS法律仍然表达了不尊重的判断,这意味着有理由相信某些个人死后会更好.
- 这一结论甚至在不可挽回的痛苦不是EAS的条件时也是如此.
- 对这一观点的挑战往往依赖于对自主权的狭看法,这种看法淡化了合理动机的意义.
结论:
- 诉诸不那么苛刻的EAS法律,比如那些仅仅基于自愿请求的法律,并不能本质上解决表达主义的反对意见.
- 由于对自主权的看法不同,以及动机在终身决策中的作用不同,这场争论变得复杂.
- 需要对自主性和动机进行进一步的研究,以充分解决对EAS立法的表达主义担忧.
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