对急性口服甲胺的主观药物反应的基于连接组的编码
Lester G Rodriguez Santos1,2, Hanna Molla3, Marzieh Babaeianjelodar1,2
1Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
概括
人们在服用甲胺后的感觉差异与特定的大脑连接模式有关,特别是在感觉运动网络中. 这些大脑模式预测主观反应, 不仅仅是身体效应,
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 心理药理学
- 关于成的研究
背景情况:
- 长期使用甲会导致严重的健康问题.
- 个人急性甲基胺反应的变化与未来滥用风险相关.
- 这些个体差异背后的神经机制,特别是在功能连接层面,还不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查个人对急性甲基胺反应差异的神经机制.
- 确定功能性大脑连接是否可以预测主观的甲基胺效应.
- 评估这些神经预测器对主观和生理反应的特异性.
主要方法:
- 在随机,双盲,安慰剂控制的交叉设计中获得83名健康成年人的休息状态功能连接数据.
- 开发了基于连接组的预测模型,使用五倍交叉验证将大脑连接与主观反应联系起来.
- 用心率作为生理效应的控制变量,并测试了22名健康成年人的单独样本.
主要成果:
- 基于Connectome的模型准确地预测了主观甲胺反应的个体差异 (ρ=0.25, p=0.02).
- 这些模型没有预测心血管效应 (ρ=0.08, p=0.199),表明特异性.
- 预测能力是由传感运动网络连接的个体差异驱动的,这一发现在外部样本中复制 (ρ=0.37,p=0.044).
结论:
- 对甲基胺主观反应的个体差异与明显的神经效应有关,特别是在感觉运动网络内.
- 这些发现表明功能连接组变异编码主观效应,可能有助于对甲基胺使用升级的差异敏感性.
- 对主观反应的特异性意味着这些神经差异不仅仅是由药理动力学因素解释的.
相关概念视频
01:15Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
655
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
655
01:24CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids
324
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
324
01:26Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action
2.6K
Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...
2.6K
01:03Dose-Response Relationship: Overview
3.7K
Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
3.7K
01:22CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents
241
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
241