可解释的机器学习模型用于质瘤亚型分类和生存预测
Olga Vershinina1,2, Victoria Turubanova1,2,3, Mikhail Krivonosov1,2
1Research Center in Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia.
Cancers
|August 28, 2025
概括
可解释的机器学习模型准确地分类质瘤亚型,并使用RNA-seq数据预测患者的存活率. 发现的关键基因为改善临床决策提供了关于瘤生物学和预后的见解.
科学领域:
- 癌症学
- 生物信息学
- 计算生物学
背景情况:
- 质瘤是具有不良预后的侵袭性脑瘤, 需要及早准确诊断.
- 瘤分类和生存预测对于有效的质瘤治疗策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证可解释的机器学习 (ML) 模型,用于分类质瘤亚型 (质细胞瘤,质细胞瘤,质细胞瘤).
- 使用RNA测序 (RNA-seq) 数据预测患者的存活率.
- 通过沙普利添加式解释 (SHAP) 分析提高模型的透明度.
主要方法:
- 对公开可用的RNA-seq数据集进行分析.
- 用特征选择来识别关键的基因生物标志物.
- 开发和比较各种ML模型进行分类和生存分析.
- 使用SHAP值进行模型预测的解释.
主要成果:
- 鉴定出13个关键基因 (例如TERT,VEGFA,MMP9) 与质瘤亚型和存活率有显著关联.
- 支持矢量机 (SVM) 实现了0. 816的平衡精度和0. 896的分类AUC.
- 病例对照考克斯回归 (CoxCC) 模型显示出强烈的生存预测,C指数为0. 809.
- SHAP分析提供了对基因表达对模型结果的影响的见解.
结论:
- 开发的可解释的ML模型为质瘤诊断和预后提供了强大的工具.
- 这些模型可以帮助临床医生定制治疗策略以改善患者的结果.
- 这些已识别的基因生物标志物有助于进一步研究质瘤的发生.
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