超越后期解释:通过透明度,可解释性和可解释性,为医疗成像中负责任的AI提供全面框架
Yashbir Singh1, Quincy A Hathaway2, Varekan Keishing1
1Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
概括
像LIME这样的可解释人工智能 (XAI) 方法在医学成像中显示出比SHAP或Grad-CAM更高的准确性. 然而,事后解释缺乏稳定性, 需要在医疗保健中建立一个新的可信的人工智能问责框架.
科学领域:
- 医学成像
- 人工智能
- 可以解释的AI
背景情况:
- 医疗成像中的深度学习提供了诊断进步,但由于其"黑子"性质而面临临临床采用障碍.
- 目前可解释的AI (XAI) 方法往往提供后期解释,可能误解AI模型的信心并影响临床决策.
研究的目的:
- 在医疗成像模式中系统地审查和元分析XAI方法的可靠性,稳定性和性能权衡.
- 在放射学,病理学和眼科中评估噪声干扰对XAI稳定性的影响.
- 为在临床环境中开发和部署可信的人工智能提出问责制框架.
主要方法:
- 在23个放射学,19个病理学和25个眼科应用中评估XAI的67项研究的系统综述和元分析.
- 分析了847项已识别的研究,以比较LIME,SHAP和Grad-CAM的准确性.
- 在不同医学成像模式下评估XAI在噪声干扰下的稳定性.
主要成果:
- 与SHAP (0.38) 和Grad-CAM (0.54) 相比,LIME在所有方法中表现出更高的保真度.
- 随机解释显示噪声下稳定性较差;眼科中SHAP降解了53%,而放射学中则降解了11%.
- 在可解释的模型中,AUC性能处于5-7%的持续下降,并观察到特定模式的稳定性模式.
结论:
- 由于特定模式的稳定性模式,定制的XAI方法至关重要.
- 提出一个由三个支柱组成的问责制框架,强调透明度,可解释的设计,以及谨慎地使用后期解释和不确定性量化.
- 这一框架旨在通过培养真正负责任的人工智能系统来提高临床决策质量和患者安全.
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