低风险早产儿的执行功能和阅读能力
Miguel Pérez-Pereira1,2, Constantino Arce1,3, Anastasiia Ogneva4
1Institute of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
概括
低风险的早产儿的执行功能 (EF) 和阅读能力与长期的同龄人相似. 早期的EF显著预测了以后的阅读能力,突出了长期的发展联系.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学
- 神经科学
- 儿童医学
背景情况:
- 极度早产和非常早产的儿童通常在执行功能 (EF) 和阅读能力方面表现出缺陷.
- 在低风险条件下出生的早产儿的研究结果不太清楚.
- 众所周知,执行功能会影响正常发育和早产儿的阅读能力.
研究的目的:
- 纵向研究低风险早产儿的执行功能和阅读能力.
- 为了比较不同妊娠年龄组中低风险的早产儿的表现.
- 检查这个群体的执行功能和阅读能力之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 一项纵向研究跟踪了111名早产儿 (按妊娠年龄分组) 和34名4岁至9岁的早产儿.
- 在4岁,5岁和8岁时进行执行功能评估.
- 阅读能力在9岁时被评估,使用多重线性回归分析关系.
主要成果:
- 在早产儿和任何早产儿组之间,没有发现执行功能或阅读能力的显著差异.
- 执行功能对阅读能力的影响较小至中等.
- 口语和非口语工作记忆对解码产生了积极影响,而更高阶EF和抑制控制则影响了阅读理解.
结论:
- 低风险的早产儿的执行功能和阅读能力与他们的同龄人相当.
- 几年前评估的执行功能对9岁的阅读能力有持久的预测效应.
- 特定的执行功能对各种阅读过程产生不同影响,从解码到理解.
相关概念视频
Information Processing Approach
154
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
154
Language and Cognition
438
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
438
Learning Disabilities
271
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
271


