有正压通风的战斗机飞行员的肺功能变化
Alexander Lengersdorf1, Janina Post1, Norbert Guettler1
1German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
概括
在高性能飞机 (HPA) 飞行员中,G (PBG) 期间的正压呼吸并没有显著恶化肺功能. 年龄,而不是PBG,是飞行员肺容量下降的主要因素.
科学领域:
- 航空航天医学
- 肺病学
- 职业健康问题
背景情况:
- 技术进步改变了高性能飞机 (HPA) 飞行员的压力情况.
- 飞行员在G时使用抗G服和正压呼吸 (PBG) 来抵消高G力的生理影响.
- 需要对PBG对战斗机飞行员肺部容量的长期影响进行调查.
研究的目的:
- 研究PBG对战斗机飞行员肺部容量的长期影响.
- 将暴露于PBG的飞行员与未暴露的飞行员的肺功能变化进行比较.
- 确定影响军用飞行员肺功能下降的因素.
主要方法:
- 德国军用飞行员临床发现的回顾性分析 (1972-2024年).
- 将1838名受试者分为三个组:具有PBG的HPA,没有PBG的HPA和固定翼飞机飞行员.
- 分析了包括FVC,FEV1和FEV1/FVC在内的肺功能参数.
主要成果:
- 在使用PBG的HPA飞行员中没有观察到强迫生命能力 (FVC) 的显著下降.
- 在没有PBG的HPA飞行员中,FVC下降.
- 在所有试验组中,FEV1和FEV1/FVC显著下降.
- 年龄和飞机类型是FVC和FEV1变化的重要预测因素.
结论:
- 与其他试验组相比,暴露于PBG和增加G力的HPA飞行员的肺功能没有明显恶化.
- 在某些情况下,使用PBG的飞行员的肺功能恶化不那么明显.
- 年龄是飞行员随着时间的推移导致肺功能下降的主要诱因.
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