发芽诱导的生物强化:改善黑米粉的营养效率,物理化学性质和体外消化能力
Lingfeng Zhu1, Qiutao Xie1, Dandan Qin1
1Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Institute of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
概括
发芽的黑米粉 (BRF) 显著提高了它的营养价值和消化能力. 这种过程增加了GABA等有益的化合物,并改变了粉结构,提高了其适用于全谷物产品的适度.
科学领域:
- 食品科学
- 营养生物化学
- 谷物加工
背景情况:
- 发芽是提高全谷物功能的一种已知的方法.
- 黑米粉具有独特的营养和结构性质.
- 了解发芽对BRF的影响对于食品开发至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究发芽对BRF营养成分的影响.
- 在发芽过程中分析BRF的物理化学,体外消化性和微观结构性质的变化.
- 评估发芽对粉特性和粘度的影响.
主要方法:
- 黑米面的发芽时间为0-48小时.
- 营养成分分析 (减糖,氨基酸,矿物质,GABA).
- 物理化学性质的评估 (粉含量,通过XRD结晶度,粘度).
- 在体外可消化的评估 (RDS,SDS,RS比率).
- 使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 进行微结构分析.
主要成果:
- 发芽激活了α-氨基酶,使降解糖增加了3.2倍,GABA含量显著增加 (40.73至258.35毫克/公斤).
- 显而易见的氨基酸含量减少,而自由氨基酸和矿物质增加.
- 在体外消化率发生变化,迅速消化粉 (RDS) 和耐药粉 (RS) 增加,缓慢消化粉 (SDS) 减少.
- 在SEM中发现更多孔的结构,XRD显示晶度降低,结度参数降低.
结论:
- 发芽显著提高了黑米粉的营养成分,特别是增加了GABA和自由氨基酸.
- 该过程改善了体外可消化性,并改变了粉结构,从而降低了结晶性和粘度.
- 发芽黑米粉 (GBRF) 具有更好的特性,使其成为开发增强全谷物食品的有价值成分.
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