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无症状先天性细胞大脑病毒感染的婴儿和儿童的听力损失:诊断,查和治疗的最新情况

Yiyun Zhang¹, Yihan Ke¹, Mengwen Shi¹

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 28, 2025

概括

在新生儿中,先天性细胞大脑病毒 (CMV) 感染往往无症状,但可能导致严重的晚期听力损失和神经发育问题. 早期查和治疗对于这些婴儿至关重要.

科学领域:

儿童医学
传染性疾病
听力学

背景情况:

先天性细胞大脑病毒 (CMV) 是最常见的先天性病毒感染,也是儿童非遗传性神经听力损失 (SNHL) 的主要原因.
大多数先天感染的婴儿在出生时没有症状,导致诊断不足和延迟识别潜在的长期后果.
目前的研究往往忽略了无症状病例,尽管它们对cCMV相关的总体发病率有显著的贡献.

研究的目的:

在无症状或轻度症状的儿童中审查与cCMV相关的SNHL的现有证据和争议.
突显无症状cCMV病例中延迟并发症对公共卫生的影响.
确定对cCMV的查,诊断分类和抗病毒管理方面的缺陷.

主要方法:

对cCMV的当前证据进行综合的文献综述.
对无症状婴儿晚期听力损失和神经发育异常发生率的数据分析.
检查现有的查方案和治疗指南.

主要成果:

8-15%的无症状的CMV携带者会出现晚期发病的听力损失.
5-10% 的无症状病例可能表现出神经发育异常.
无症状婴儿的延迟并发症占所有cCMV相关的长期发病率的30- 40%.

结论:

无症状的先天性CMV是儿童SNHL和神经发育缺陷的重要原因.
需要提高临床意识,改善查和标准化的无症状cCMV治疗方案.
解决无症状婴儿的管理缺陷对于减轻长期健康后果和减少公共卫生负担至关重要.

关键词:

抗病毒治疗遗传性细胞巨核病毒感染延迟发病的听力损失甘西克洛维尔感应神经听力损失全球选瓦尔甘西克洛维尔

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