豆类和异黄:重新审视它们与乳腺癌风险的潜在联系
1Department Feed & Food, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 1 Cours du Général de Gaulle, Gradignan Cedex, 33175 Bordeaux, France.
Nutrients
|August 28, 2025
概括
消费大豆及其化合物异黄 (Isofls) 可能对乳腺癌风险产生复杂影响. 虽然一些研究表明它具有保护作用,但另一些研究则表明某些剂量使用Isofls可能会造成伤害.
科学领域:
- 营养科学
- 癌症学
- 流行病学
背景情况:
- 大豆的消费广泛,特别是在亚洲,传统的加工方法降低了异黄素 (Isofl) 含量.
- 人口研究表明大豆/Isofls与乳腺癌 (BC) 风险降低之间存在潜在的关联,与体外数据显示乳腺细胞的剂量依赖增殖作用形成鲜明对比.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估大豆和Isofls在女性乳腺癌风险中的作用.
- 协调有关大豆和BC的流行病学,实验室和临床研究的相互矛盾结果.
- 解决之前研究中对Isofl摄入量和暴露水平的错误估计.
主要方法:
- 对来自亚洲和西方国家的众多人口研究进行系统的审查和分析.
- 在实验室,动物和临床试验中对大豆和Isofls的相关剂量进行检查.
- 评估大豆摄入量估计方法和不同种群中的Isofl生物可用性.
主要成果:
- 在亚洲大豆摄入量估计很好,可能与BC预防有关,但在西方由于隐藏大豆而被低估.
- 在亚洲和西方人群中,Isofl的摄入量经常被错误估计,使风险评估复杂化.
- 许多队列研究缺乏足够的活性Isofl剂量,临床试验显示相关水平的雌激素效应.
结论:
- 人口研究显示,大豆/Isofl摄入量与BC风险之间没有令人信服的联系,可能是由于相反的影响.
- 尽管大豆食物基质具有保护性,但在活性剂量下不能排除Isofls的有害作用.
- 需要进一步的研究来澄清大豆成分,Isofls和乳腺癌发展之间的复杂相互作用.
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