癌症的非传统免疫疗法:机遇和挑战
Meshael Alturki1, Abdullah A Alshehri2, Ahmad M Aldossary2
1Wellness and Preventative Medicine Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
概括
通过克服当前治疗的局限性, 非传统的免疫疗法为治疗固体瘤提供了新的希望. 这些新的平台和生物药物显示出可扩展,具有成本效益的癌症疗法.
科学领域:
- 癌症学
- 免疫学
- 生物技术
背景情况:
- 传统的免疫疗法,如免疫检查点阻断和CAR-T细胞,已经推进了癌症治疗,但面临诸如瘤耐药性和T细胞枯竭等挑战,特别是在固体瘤中.
- 这些局限性阻碍了现有治疗的有效性和持续性,需要探索替代治疗策略.
研究的目的:
- 审查新兴的非传统免疫疗法和癌症治疗的生物药物.
- 突出这些新平台在克服当前治疗障碍方面的独特特征和潜力.
- 讨论解决转化挑战的策略,并将这些疗法推向临床应用.
主要方法:
- 对非传统免疫疗法平台和生物药物的当前文献的审查.
- 探索各种免疫细胞子集 (例如,三角T细胞,不变的自然杀手T细胞) 和合成生物制剂 (例如,双特异性抗体,细胞因子融合).
- 讨论工程方法,克服翻译挑战 (例如,患者分层的AI),以及未来的研究方向.
主要成果:
- 非传统的平台提供了独特的优势,如MHC独立性,组织定位,并弥合先天性和适应性免疫力.
- 双特异性抗体和瘤病毒等生物药物显示出模块化工程和现成使用的潜力.
- 包括代谢重编程,基因编辑和人工智能在内的新策略正在开发中,以提高有效性和克服耐药性.
结论:
- 非传统的免疫疗法代表了显著的进步,扩大了癌症免疫疗法的治疗潜力,特别是在固体瘤中.
- 这些平台提供可扩展,高效和潜在的成本效益的治疗方案.
- 为了实现这些创新疗法的全部临床潜力,对机械洞察和制造的持续研究至关重要.
相关概念视频
Tumor Immunotherapy
659
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
659
Cancer Vaccines
509
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
509
Cancer Therapies
7.9K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
7.9K
Targeted Cancer Therapies
7.8K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.8K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
5.1K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.1K
Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.4K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.4K


