针对COVID-19疫苗的有效性和免疫性所面临的挑战:采用系统方法进行叙述性审查
Alexander A Soldatov1, Nickolay A Kryuchkov2, Dmitry V Gorenkov1
1Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 8/2 Petrovsky Boulevard, Moscow 127051, Russia.
Vaccines
|August 28, 2025
概括
COVID-19 疫苗减少了严重的疾病,但对变种的保护正在减弱. 增强剂量和适应变种的疫苗对于对SARS-CoV-2的持续免疫力至关重要.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 疫苗学
- 病毒学
背景情况:
- 随着COVID-19大流行,疫苗的开发迅速发展,使得疾病的严重程度和死亡率显著降低.
- 关于疫苗诱导免疫的长寿和范围的挑战仍然存在,特别是针对正在演变的SARS-CoV-2变种.
研究的目的:
- 审查影响COVID-19疫苗免疫性和有效性的因素.
- 为推进疫苗技术和疫情准备的未来战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 采用符合PRISMA指南的系统方法进行叙述性审查.
- 在PubMed,Embase和Web of Science的文献搜索 (2019年12月 - 2025年5月).
- 质量数据综合,突出包括在内的定量调查结果.
主要成果:
- 随着时间的推移观察到疫苗疗效的下降以及对德尔塔和奥米克朗等变种的保护性降低.
- 增强剂量,特别是异质疗法,增强免疫性和保护性.
- 中和抗体标位与临床保护之间的相关性;长期免疫相关性需要进一步定义. 关于IgG4诱导后mRNA疫苗接种的担忧
结论:
- COVID-19 疫苗对于疫情控制至关重要,但由于病毒的演变和免疫力减弱而面临限制.
- 未来的疫苗策略必须优先考虑适应变种的广泛配方.
- 了解疫苗反应的免疫基础,包括抗体子类,是优化长期保护的关键.
相关概念视频
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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