改善成年人接种疫苗的干预措施:系统审查和元分析
Anelisa Jaca1, Lindi Mathebula1, Thobile Malinga1
1Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Vaccines
|August 28, 2025
概括
通过有针对性的干预措施可以改善成年人接种疫苗. 提醒信和教育宣传是提高成年人免疫率,提高公共卫生成果的有效策略.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 流行病学
- 预防医学
背景情况:
- 疫苗接种对于预防传染病至关重要,
- 疫苗接种在全球显著降低了发病率和死亡率.
- 成年人接种疫苗仍然是公共卫生干预的重要领域.
研究的目的:
- 审查旨在增加成年人接种疫苗的干预措施.
- 评估各种策略在促进成年人免疫的有效性.
主要方法:
- 来自多个数据库 (CENTRAL,Embase,Medline,PubMed,Web of Science,Global Index Medicus) 的随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查.
- 搜索更新至2024年11月,包括研究无论出版状态或语言.
- 使用随机效应模型进行元分析,并通过GRADE评估证据质量.
主要成果:
- 包括35项涉及403709名成人的RCT,主要集中在流感疫苗接种上.
- 诸如提醒信 (RR: 1.75),教育材料 (RR: 1.88) 和宣传 (RR: 1.87) 等干预措施显示疫苗接种率有所增加.
- 流感疫苗接种的综合结果显示风险比为1. 41 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.73).
结论:
- 提醒信和教育干预措施有助于提高成年人疫苗接种率.
- 与对照组相比,有针对性的以接收者为中心的策略提高了免疫接种率.
- 进一步的研究可能会探索这些干预措施的最佳交付方法.
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