疫苗接种作为对美洲长期COVID的保护:一个范围的审查
Gabriela Zambrano-Sánchez1,2, Josue Rivadeneira1,3,4, Carlos Manterola3
1Unidad de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis-URMA, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170403, Ecuador.
Vaccines
|August 28, 2025
概括
针对严重急性呼吸系统综合征-冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的疫苗接种显著降低了美洲长期COVID的风险和持续时间. 然而,疫苗的有效性因研究,人群和治疗方案而异,需要进一步的区域研究.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病
- 免疫学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 长期COVID被定义为SARS-CoV-2感染后持续的症状,估计影响10-20%的感染者.
- 尽管疫苗接种率很高,但拉丁美洲的长期COVID流行和疫苗有效性的数据仍然有限.
- 了解疫苗对美洲长期COVID的影响对于公共卫生策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 对中美洲,南美洲和加勒比地区长期COVID疫苗接种成年人的研究进行范围审查.
- 综合SARS-CoV-2疫苗在美洲预防或减轻长期COVID的有效性方面的证据.
- 确定该地区关于疫苗接种和长期COVID的文献上的差距.
主要方法:
- 该审查遵循PRISMA-ScR (系统性审查的首选报告项目和范围审查的元分析扩展) 的指导方针.
- 对长期COVID疫苗接种成年人的研究进行了多个数据库的全面搜索.
- 包括的研究集中在墨西哥,中美洲,南美洲和加勒比地区的人口中,分析了疫苗类型和疗效结果.
主要成果:
- 包括8项涉及11,333名参与者的研究,其中大多数是女性 (69.3%).
- 发现接种疫苗,特别是接种三剂或更多剂的疫苗,可以大大降低长期COVID的风险和持续时间.
- 在包括的研究中,长期COVID的定义和评估结果中观察到显著的差异.
结论:
- 针对SARS-CoV-2的疫苗接种有望减轻美洲长期COVID的负担.
- 观察到的疫苗疗效差异突显了研究设计,人群特征和疫苗接种方案的影响.
- 为了充分理解和优化疫苗在长期COVID管理中的作用,进一步严格的区域特定研究至关重要.
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