针对呼吸道传染病的粘膜疫苗的免疫性,安全性和保护效果:系统性审查和元分析
Jiaqi Chen1,2, Weitong Lin1,2, Chaokai Yang3
1Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.
Vaccines
|August 28, 2025
概括
粘膜疫苗为COVID-19和流感等呼吸系统疾病提供了有希望的非侵入性方法. 这项审查发现它们安全且具有免疫性,吸入的COVID-19疫苗的疗效高于鼻腔疫苗.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 疫苗学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 目前正在开发用于呼吸道传染病的粘膜疫苗,可提供非侵入性注射和向性免疫反应.
- 鼻腔和吸入输送方法是针对COVID-19,流感,RSV,咳和结核病疫苗的研究重点领域.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和对粘膜疫苗的免疫性,安全性和保护效果进行元分析.
- 为了比较不同的粘膜疫苗输送途径和对各种呼吸道病原体的有效性.
主要方法:
- 来自PubMed和Cochrane数据库的研究的系统审查和元分析.
- 基于针对COVID-19,流感,RSV,咳和结核的粘膜疫苗的PICOS框架的纳入标准.
- 分析了涉及229,614名参与者的65项研究数据.
主要成果:
- 粘膜COVID-19疫苗比肌内疫苗具有更高的中和抗体.
- 与鼻腔疫苗 (17%) 相比,吸入疫苗的疗效更高 (47%).
- 粘膜流感疫苗在儿童中有效 (62% VE),而RSV和百日咳疫苗的血清转化率高 (73% 和 52%).
- 结核疫苗表现出强烈的细胞免疫性,整体安全性与肌肉内疫苗或安慰剂相当.
结论:
- 粘膜疫苗具有免疫性,安全性和保护性,特别是在呼吸道疾病中.
- 证据支持粘膜疫苗是一种可行的策略,尽管路线特定的疗效和研究异质性是已知的局限性.
- 需要进一步研究以优化粘膜疫苗策略,并解决疗效差异.
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