在COVID-19疫苗接种后,长期防治症状性Omicron感染需要平衡免疫力
Heiko Pfister1, Carsten Uhlig1, Zsuzsanna Mayer1
1Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, TUM University Hospital German Heart Center, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.
Vaccines
|August 28, 2025
概括
对Omicron的长期保护需要对保存和非保存的SARS-CoV-2尖端表位具有平衡的免疫力. 未来的疫苗应针对广泛的病毒种群,以对抗病毒变种的持续保护.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 有限的研究区分了对保存和非保存的SARS-CoV-2尖端表位的免疫力,以提供长期的保护.
- 目前的研究不足以指导泛变种疫苗的开发.
- 这项研究调查了对尖端蛋白和Omicron突破感染的免疫力.
研究的目的:
- 评估中和抗体和细胞免疫水平与SARS-CoV-2尖端蛋白和症状性Omicron突破性感染之间的相关性.
- 评估免疫向保护和非保护表位的作用.
主要方法:
- 对107名受试者的观察队列研究.
- 使用多重替代病毒中和试验,对SARS-CoV-2 (子变种) 中和抗体水平的分析6个月后的疫苗接种和后提升.
- 在全血样本中进行池刺激后通过细胞因子mRNA表达评估细胞免疫力.
主要成果:
- 中和抗体标位可靠地预测了增强剂前的保护,但由于抗体库的重塑,增强剂后的保护减少了.
- 对保存和非保存的Spike表位素的平衡免疫反应提高了Omicron疫苗的有效性.
- 对突变表位体的中和抗体保护了症状感染,而针对保存表位体的细胞免疫力是最有效的.
结论:
- 针对Omicron的最佳长期保护需要对保存和非保存的SARS-CoV-2尖端表征均具有平衡的免疫力.
- 对非保存表位体的消退性免疫和有限的交叉中和抗体构成了长期保护的挑战.
- 未来针对广泛表位谱的泛SARS-CoV-2疫苗,包括保存和非保存表位谱,可能比仅关注保存表位谱的疫苗提供更有效的长期保护.
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