基于M13菌的可编程纳米疫苗平台用于个性化癌症疫苗和治疗
Shengnan Huang1, Yanpu He1, Allison Madow1
1The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 28, 2025
概括
研究人员开发了一个可编程的M13菌体纳米疫苗平台,用于可扩展的疫苗生产. 这种平台使辅助性和抗原密度的模块化工程成为可能, 显示出强大的抗瘤免疫力和持久的记忆反应.
科学领域:
- 生物技术
- 免疫学
- 材料科学
背景情况:
- 通过联合抗原和辅助剂,纳米疫苗提供了增强的免疫反应.
- 目前的纳米疫苗生产通常涉及复杂的合成和后修改步骤.
- 需要可扩展且易于设计的纳米疫苗平台.
研究的目的:
- 使用M13菌开发一个可编程的纳米疫苗平台.
- 实现可扩展的生产和疫苗特性的一步模块化工程.
- 研究辅助性和抗原密度对免疫反应和抗瘤功效的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用M13菌体作为纳米疫苗构建的支架.
- 重新编程了菌体基因组以控制Toll-like受体9的激活和菌体长度.
- 使用分子工程精确调整抗原密度.
- 使用模型抗原和瘤模型评估免疫反应,包括CD8+T细胞激活和记忆免疫.
- 在小鼠癌症模型中与抗PD-1疗法结合评估治疗效果.
主要成果:
- 实现了可调节辅助性,长度和抗原密度 (13.6%至70.3%) 的纳米疫苗的可扩展生产和模块化工程.
- 确定了辅助性和抗原密度的最佳条件,以最大限度地提高抗瘤CD8+T细胞的反应.
- 经过一年以上的耐久性记忆免疫.
- 通过优化辅助性和抗原密度,观察到新抗原特异性CD8+T细胞频率增加了24倍.
- 基于M13菌体的个性化疫苗与抗PD-1疗法结合,在75%的动物中根除了已存在的MC-38瘤,从而诱导长期耐药性.
结论:
- 确立了M13菌体作为一个多功能和强大的纳米疫苗平台.
- 展示了纳米疫苗可扩展生产和精确工程的潜力.
- 突出了该平台在诱导强大的抗瘤免疫力和持久记忆反应方面的有效性.
- 展示了个性化癌症免疫疗法的变革潜力.
更多相关视频
08:07A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
Published on: July 25, 2022
2.7K
11:07Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination
Published on: April 29, 2015
13.3K
相关概念视频
Cancer Vaccines
509
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
509
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
312
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
312
DNA Bacteriophages
140
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
140
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages
71.9K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
71.9K
Tumor Immunotherapy
659
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
659
CRISPR and crRNAs
17.3K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
17.3K
