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相关概念视频

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
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在巴塔哥尼亚减少的本地和入侵性大黄蜂之间的耐寒性差异

Josefina Lohrmann1, Nicolás R Cecchetto1,2, Lican E Martínez1

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue and CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina.

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology
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PubMed
概括

这种本地大黄蜂比侵袭性大黄蜂更耐寒. 然而, 耐寒性并不能解释这种入侵物种在巴塔哥尼亚的占主导地位.

关键词:
豆类生物入侵熊蜂耐寒性

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科学领域:

  • 生态学
  • 进化生物学
  • 动物学

背景情况:

  • 温度对昆虫的生长和传播有很大影响.
  • 可以解释地理分布和入侵成功.
  • 在巴塔哥尼亚,本地大黄蜂Bombus dahlbomii正在被入侵性大黄蜂Bombus terrestris所取代.

研究的目的:

  • 研究耐寒性在B. dahlbomii被B. terrestris所取代中的作用.
  • 确定耐寒性差异是否与物种的地理分布相关.
  • 探索这两种大黄蜂耐寒的潜在机制.

主要方法:

  • 在南美两种物种的分布中评估最低温度.
  • 测量冷昏迷开始和恢复温度以量化寒冷耐受性.
  • 检查了形态特征 (体型,头发长度) 作为潜在的适应寒冷.

主要成果:

  • 两种物种在它们的分布范围内都会遇到相似的最低温度.
  • B. dahlbomii表现出优越的寒冷耐受性,在较低的温度下进入冷昏迷状态,并比B. terrestris更快地恢复.
  • 在B. dahlbomii中,体型较大和毛发较长可能有助于保温,但不会给巴塔哥尼亚带来食优势.

结论:

  • 寒冷耐受性并不能解释入侵性B. terrestris在巴塔哥尼亚的占主导地位.
  • 本地B. dahlbomii具有较大的生理和形态适应寒冷环境.
  • B. terrestris的成功很可能归因于其他因素,如耐热性,抗病性或生命史特征.