转向非正式照顾和职业自我效能:使用德国代表性员工数据进行差异倾向比较分析
1Sozialstruktur und Soziologie alternder Gesellschaften, Fakultät Sozialwissenschaften, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Straße 50, 44227, Dortmund, Germany. Carolin.Kunz@TU-Dortmund.de.
Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie
|August 28, 2025
概括
过渡到非正式照顾对职业自我效能有负面影响,削弱了员工应对工作挑战的能力. 这会影响工作表现,并可能导致工作时间缩短或退出劳动力市场.
科学领域:
- 老年学
- 劳动社会学
- 职业健康心理学
背景情况:
- 随着预期寿命的增加和出生率的下降, 人们对护理的需求也在增加.
- 不正式的照顾往往与就业重叠,造成角色冲突和双重负担.
- 这种双重负担可能会对工作表现产生负面影响,并降低职业自我效能.
研究的目的:
- 分析过渡到非正式照顾对职业自力更生的影响.
- 调查职业自我效能作为减少护理人员工作时间或退出劳动力市场的潜在机制.
- 解决关于非正式照顾和职业自力更生之间关系的研究缺口.
主要方法:
- 采用了德国联邦职业安全与健康研究所 (BAuA) 2017年,2019年和2021年工作时间调查的数据.
- 使用差异差异 (DiD) 模型来评估过渡到非正式照顾的效果.
- 应用倾向分数匹配 (PSM) 来控制潜在的选择偏差.
主要成果:
- 过渡到非正式的照顾,即使是偶尔,也显著降低了职业自我效能.
- 在面对职业困难时,照顾导致员工的冷静性恶化.
- 对解决工作相关问题的能力和应对需求的能力受到负面影响.
结论:
- 维持员工的职业自我效能对于维持他们在老龄化社会中的工作能力至关重要.
- 由于缺乏熟练的劳动力, 解决非正式照顾对自我效能的影响至关重要.
- 为了减轻对劳动力和福利制度的负面影响,可能需要支持护理人员的干预措施.
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