在诊断病理学中过度依赖AI的风险. 如何帮助年轻病理学家培训?
Yaëlle Bellahsen-Harrar1,2, Mélanie Lubrano3,4, Charles Lépine5,6,7
1Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France.
PloS one
|August 28, 2025
概括
在病理学中,人工智能提高了准确性,但需要病理学家的监督. 过度依赖人工智能工具可能导致错误诊断,突出需要批判性判断和信心评分的整合.
科学领域:
- 数字病理学
- 医疗人工智能 (AI)
- 诊断的准确性
背景情况:
- 人工智能算法在病理学方面提供了潜在的好处,例如提高准确性和评级者之间的可靠性.
- 然而,人工智能并非无误,并且可能产生错误,因此需要病理学家进行批判性审查,特别是在侵袭性癌症等高影响性诊断方面.
研究的目的:
- 评估人工智能工具对病理学家的诊断准确性和评估者间可靠性的影响.
- 评估病理学家在使用人工智能辅助时是否保持独立判断.
- 识别在病理学实践中过度依赖人工智能的风险.
主要方法:
- 八位病理学家检查了115张喉活检片 (良性,发育不良,侵袭性癌症),并没有人工智能协助.
- 诊断结果与专家双盲审查的参考标签进行了比较.
- 考虑了病理学家的经验水平和AI的信心评分.
主要成果:
- 人工智能辅助提高了高度形和侵袭性癌症的准确性,并提高了评估者之间的可靠性.
- 观察到过度依赖人工智能的情况导致侵袭性癌症的错误诊断.
- 经验较少的病理学家有时会忽视低人工智能信心得分,这表明人工智能预测被不批判地接受的风险.
结论:
- 虽然人工智能工具可以帮助诊断病理,但过度依赖会带来风险,包括严重的诊断错误.
- 病理学家必须保持独立的判断力,
- 整合信心评分和提供教育对于AI在病理学中的安全实施至关重要.
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