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相关概念视频

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

274
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
274
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

511
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
511
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
259
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

635
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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在日本纳塔利祖马布延长剂量间隔治疗后,与纳塔利祖马布相关的渐进性多焦点白内障

Kazuya Takahashi1,2, Jin Nakahara3, Yoshiharu Miura4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hokuriku Brain and Neuromuscular Disease Center, National Hospital Organization Iou National Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在日本发现了5例与纳塔利祖马布相关的渐进性多焦点白脑病 (NTZ- PML). 在具有高JC病毒抗体标位的日本个体中,延长剂量间隔 (EID) 可能无法完全减轻PML风险.

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科学领域:

  • 神经免疫学
  • 传染性神经病
  • 药物监督管理

背景情况:

  • 纳塔利祖马布是一种多发性硬化症 (MS) 的疾病修饰疗法.
  • 进展性多焦点白内障 (PML) 是与纳塔利祖马布治疗相关的罕见但严重的不良事件.
  • 冠状病毒 (JCV) 是PML的致病原体.

研究的目的:

  • 描述日本确诊的与纳塔利祖马布相关的渐进性多焦点白细胞病变 (NTZ- PML).
  • 评估日本人口中NTZ-PML的风险因素和临床特征.

主要方法:

  • 全国PML监测委员会强制登记纳塔利祖马布病例和JCVDNA测试.
  • 根据已确定的诊断标准对疑似PML病例进行审查和分类.
  • 临床数据分析,包括治疗史,剂量方案和脑脊液中的JCVDNA水平.

主要成果:

  • 在2016年至2024年间发现了5例临床确诊的NTZ-PML病例.
  • 所有病例发生在复发性缓解性多发性硬化症患者中,其中4例从其他疾病修饰药物转换.
  • 在所有病例中,每6至8周使用延长间隔剂量 (EID) 至少在PML发病前一年.

结论:

  • 日本的高JC病毒抗体患病率可能表明NTZ-PML的其他危险因素.
  • 在高JCV抗体标位的日本人群中,纳塔利祖马布EID降低PML风险的有效性可能是有限的.
  • 需要进一步的研究来了解日本人口对NTZ-PML的敏感性.