扩大乳房镜检查的年龄范围:从辐射保护的角度来看,
在PubMed上查看摘要
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。扩大乳房扫描程序 (MSP) 到45-75岁的妇女是有益的,减少乳腺癌死亡率. 虽然老年妇女经历过多的诊断,年轻妇女面临更高的辐射风险,整体好处超过了这些担忧.
科学领域
- 放射学和辐射瘤学
- 公共卫生和流行病学
- 癌症学
背景情况
- 德国和欧洲的乳房扫描程序适用于50至69岁的女性.
- 有证据表明,在这个年龄段之外的女性可能会有好处和危害.
研究的目的
- 评估50岁以下和70岁以上女性乳房检查的益处与风险平衡.
- 从辐射保护的角度评估延长MSP的年龄限制的影响.
主要方法
- 随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查和元分析.
- 使用BEIR委员会修改的模型估计与辐射相关的终身可归因风险 (LAR).
- 分析乳腺癌死亡率和过度诊断率.
主要成果
- 查使70岁以上妇女的乳腺癌死亡率降低了28%,39至49岁妇女的死亡率降低了18%.
- 年长女性的过度诊断比例估计为19%,高于年轻女性.
- 将查延长到75岁对益处风险比率的影响很小.
结论
- 将MSP年龄限制延长到45-75岁是合理的,因为好处远远超过了辐射风险.
- 乳腺癌查可以降低45至49岁和70至75岁女性的死亡率.
- 德国于2024年2月批准将MSP扩展到70至75岁的女性.
相关概念视频
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...

