多输入,多输出生物炼油厂的生命周期排放和人类健康影响
Sarah L Nordahl1,2,3, Melissa Moore3,4,5, Nawa Raj Baral3,4
1Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|August 28, 2025
概括
使用农业残留物和有机废物的综合生物炼油厂可以显著减少环境影响. 这些设施比单独的生物燃料生产途径提供了经济和环境的好处,提高了可持续性.
科学领域:
- 生物技术和生物工程
- 环境科学
- 化学工程
背景情况:
- 扩大生物燃料生产需要农业残留物和有机废物等多种原料.
- 在生物炼油厂中整合纤维素生物质转化和无氧消化提供了经济和环境优势.
- 目前的研究往往忽略了除了碳足迹之外的全面生命周期影响.
研究的目的:
- 量化综合生物炼油厂的生命周期空气污染,海洋缩,酸化和外部成本.
- 将综合生物炼油厂处理作物残留物,食品废物和便与传统单一加工设施进行比较.
- 评估液体燃料,电力,可再生天然气,气,生物塑料和动物料的生产.
主要方法:
- 生命周期评估 (LCA) 框架应用于综合生物炼油场景.
- 温室气体排放量 (CO2,CH4,N2O) 和空气污染物 (NH3,VOC,NOx,SO2,PM2.5) 的量化
- 包括环境和健康影响在内的外部成本的货币化.
主要成果:
- 有机废物共消化的综合生物炼油厂可以减少84%至149%的二氧化碳相当的排放量.
- 货币化生命周期外部影响范围从1.07美元/加到-0.75美元/加乙醇.
- 电力或RNG与生物燃料的联合生产具有显著的环境效益.
结论:
- 综合生物炼油厂是生物燃料生产和废物管理的可持续方法.
- 与传统方法相比,这些设施可以大幅减少环境外部性.
- 政策和经济激励可以加速采用综合生物炼油技术.
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