在垃圾填埋场污水处理厂中评估PFAS及其前体转化
Khalid Mustafa1, Giacomo de Falco2, Eustace Fernando1
1Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA.
概括
污水处理厂的聚甲基物质 (PFAS) 清除率很低,并且有大量的前体化合物和污泥积累. 扩大监测对于管理PFAS污染至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境化学
- 环境科学
- 水处理技术
背景情况:
- 聚甲基物质 (PFAS) 是日益令人担忧的持续性环境污染物.
- 对于接收工业垃圾填埋污水的废水处理厂 (WWTP) 的PFAS行为存在有限的了解.
- 现有的研究往往只关注特定的PFAS或处理过程.
研究的目的:
- 调查PFAS在家用废水和垃圾填埋污水所影响的全方位WTP中的命运,转化和持久性.
- 通过综合分析框架提供全面的多维 PFAS 特性.
- 评估PFAS前体和未识别的化合物的存在.
主要方法:
- 使用一种新的综合框架,结合了USEPA 1633方法草案,可提取的有机 (EOF) 量化和总可氧化前体 (TOP) 测试.
- 分析了多个处理阶段的 PFAS 度.
- 量化目标PFAS,可氧化前体和总有机.
主要成果:
- 在WWTP中观察到PFAS的整体去除效率很低 (6% - 25%).
- 在TOP测试中,可氧化的PFAS前体显著存在,其度在流入水中增加了两倍,在废水中增加了1.5倍.
- 目标PFAS仅占EOF总量的很小一部分 (12%-25%),突出了许多未确定的化合物.
- 观察到大量的PFAS分离到污泥中,其度在生物固体中高达19,000 ng/kg.
结论:
- 废水处理对于清除复杂的PFAS混合物来说基本上是无效的,尤其是在有填埋液的情况下.
- 很大一部分PFAS存在于前体或未识别的化合物中,需要先进的分析方法.
- 泥积累对PFAS通过地面应用对环境的重新分配构成风险.
- 扩大监测策略对于废水系统的有效管理和整治至关重要.
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