患有自闭症谱系障碍,早产和典型发育的幼儿中呼吸道鼻节律失调的发展
Jessica Bradshaw1,2, John E Richards1,2, Julia Yurkovic-Harding1,2
1Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
概括
在婴儿中研究了呼吸节律失常 (RSA) 的发展. 后来被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的婴儿在9-24个月时呈现高RSA,与典型发育的同龄人不同.
科学领域:
- 自主神经系统的发展
- 儿童神经发育
- 心脏呼吸系统的相互作用
背景情况:
- 呼吸鼻腔失常 (RSA) 反映了副交感活动和适应能力.
- 下休息RSA与早产和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 有关.
- 在早产婴儿或具有高ASD风险的婴儿中,RSA的早期发展在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 在患有自闭症的不同风险的婴儿中检查休息期RSA和平均间隔 (IBI) 的发育轨迹.
- 为了比较早产 (PT) 的婴儿,高患ASD (EL) 的婴儿和低患ASD (LL) 的婴儿之间的RSA和IBI发育.
主要方法:
- 对1至24个月的137名婴儿进行了长度研究.
- 追踪休息的RSA和意义上的IBI.
- 根据ASD概率 (EL,LL) 和发育结果 (ASD,神经分歧 (ND),典型发育 (TD)) 的婴儿分类.
- 用于分析发育轨迹和群体差异的混合效应模型.
主要成果:
- 在所有群体中,RSA和平均IBI均在1至24个月内增长,增长最快在前6个月.
- 预产婴儿最初呈现较低的RSA和IBI,但经过过早产纠正后正常化.
- 后来被诊断为ASD的婴儿在9至24个月内呈现RSA升高,与TD和ND婴儿有所区别.
结论:
- 后来被诊断为自闭症的婴儿休息时RSA升高可能表明社会监测,注意力调节或应激反应发生变化.
- 结果与ASD年龄较大的儿童的较低RSA相反,表明自主功能的发育转变.
- 作为一种潜在的自闭症早期生物标志物,
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