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相关概念视频

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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针对晚期甲状腺癌的全身疗法 - - 新的个性化选择

Leslie Cheng1, Kate Newbold2

  • 1Thyroid Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom. lesliecheng@nhs.net.

Drugs
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
概括

氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKI) 已经改变了晚期甲状腺癌的治疗方法. 以分子测试为指导的向疗法可改善抗放射性分化甲状腺癌,抗甲状腺癌和甲状腺髓癌的存活率.

科学领域:

  • 癌症学
  • 药理学
  • 遗传学

背景情况:

  • 晚期甲状腺癌 (RR-DTC,ATC,MTC) 对传统化疗反应较差.
  • 氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKIs) 代表了这些侵袭性恶性瘤的全身治疗模式的转变.
  • 基于基因组分析的个性化医疗正在成为甲状腺癌治疗的核心.

研究的目的:

  • 审查关于药物治疗晚期甲状腺癌的有效性和安全性的现有证据.
  • 探索个性化,有针对性的疗法在治疗这些疾病中的作用.
  • 突出分子测试和下一代测序在定制治疗中的影响.

主要方法:

  • 对甲状腺癌药物治疗的当代证据的审查.
  • 对多酶抑制剂 (MKI) 和向治疗的临床试验数据的分析.
  • 检查分子测试 (例如下一代测序) 在治疗决策中的整合.

主要成果:

  • 多酶抑制剂 (sorafenib,lenvatinib,vandetanib,cabozantinib) 在RR- DTC和MTC中改善了无进展生存率和反应率.
  • 针对BRAF的疗法在BRAF V600E突变的甲状腺癌中显示出有效性,提高了生存率.
  • 针对RET,NTRK和其他变化的高度选择性抑制剂根据瘤遗传学改进治疗.

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结论:

  • 通过TKI和向疗法, 改变了甲状腺癌的治疗方法,
  • 分子检测对于个性化治疗选择至关重要,
  • 仍然存在挑战,包括耐药性,毒性和公平获得分子诊断和向治疗,需要进一步研究.