美国警察机构的政治多样性
Bocar Ba1, Haosen Ge2, Jacob Kaplan3
1Department of Economics, Duke University, Social Sciences Building, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
概括
在美国,警察的党派关系对警察的行为影响很小. 虽然警察倾向于共和党, 但在实践中,
科学领域:
- 犯罪学
- 政治科学
- 社会学
背景情况:
- 有关执法政策存在党派分歧,可能影响执法人员的行为.
- 现有研究表明政治关系可能在警察行为中起作用, 需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 在美国调查警察党派和警察行为之间的关系.
- 确定政治归属 (民主党与共和党) 与执法行动的差异是否相关.
主要方法:
- 美国最大的100个地方机构中的99个与选民档案进行了合并.
- 分析了芝加哥和休斯顿民主党和共和党官员的行为数据.
- 使用统计方法纠正多重比较并分析细粒度的行为数据.
主要成果:
- 全国警察比他们的司法管辖区更倾向于共和党.
- 在统计纠正后, 民主党和共和党官员的行为差异很小.
- 在执法方面观察到种族差异:黑人和西班牙裔官员停止/逮捕较少 (芝加哥),黑人官员使用武力较少 (芝加哥和休斯顿).
结论:
- 尽管党派偏好惩罚性政策和共和党在警务中的过度代表性, 但政治分歧并没有显著地转化为现场的执法差异.
- 在执法中观察到的种族差异需要持续关注和研究,
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