海上风力发电机组在建筑物内和周围构成内地二次生产热点
Jennifer Dannheim1, Jan Beermann1, Joop W P Coolen2
1Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, PO Box 120161, Bremerhaven, 27515, Germany.
Journal of environmental management
|August 29, 2025
概括
北海的海上风电场通过污染社区显著提高能源生产,释放营养物质到周围的软底息地并影响生态系统.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态
- 盆地生态
- 可再生能源的影响
背景情况:
- 气候变化推动了可再生能源的扩张, 海上风电场 (OWF) 的增加.
- OWF将人工硬基板引入软底生态系统,其生态后果尚不清楚.
- 了解海洋环境中的能量流变化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在OWF中和周围模拟污染社区和软底动物的二次生产.
- 测量轮机基础向周围海底的能量转移.
- 评估OWF造成的生产变化的空间范围.
主要方法:
- 在北海南部的OWF中结合硬基板和软基板数据的分析.
- 对轮机基础上的污染社区的二次生产模型.
- 将一般化添加剂混合模型 (GAMM) 应用于软底动物群数据.
主要成果:
- 在轮机上的污染社区的二次产量是软基板社区的80倍.
- 大约71%的污染物被释放到周围的沉积物中.
- 高层软底生产从轮机延伸到150-250米,创建一个生产影响区域 (PIA).
结论:
- OWF显著改变地底能量流,由污染社区产生大量能量.
- 在轮机周围的生产"光环"影响大约11%的OWF面积.
- 这些变化可能对海洋生态系统产生连锁影响,从浮游生物到顶级捕食者.
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