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随着年龄的增长,对实验诱导的复杂视觉幻觉的敏感性降低
Oris Shenyan1, Laura Haye2, Georgia A Milne1
1Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
概括
年长的成年人报告的复杂视觉幻觉比年轻的成年人少. 这种幻觉倾向的减少似乎是衰老的正常部分,而不是由认知或感官变化解释的.
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 心理学
- 老年学
背景情况:
- 视觉幻觉可以发生在各种条件下,并通过实验诱导.
- 人们对幻觉易感的寿命变化尚不清楚,之前的研究结果各不相同.
- 与年龄相关的感官变化和依赖先前的知识可能会影响幻觉易感.
研究的目的:
- 研究成年人的幻觉倾向如何变化.
- 为了比较年轻和年长的健康成年人的复杂和简单的幻觉经历.
- 确定认知或感官因素是否与年龄相关的幻觉易感差异.
主要方法:
- 研究了44名健康成年人 (19-79岁),分为年轻人 (19-39岁) 和老年人 (59-79岁) 组.
- 使用旨在引起幻觉的实验环境量化幻觉倾向.
- 评估认知和感官测量,包括视觉敏度,对比度敏感性和可暗示性.
主要成果:
- 与年轻人相比,老年人报告的复杂幻觉显著减少.
- 这种差异在实时报告和追溯账户中都被观察到.
- 没有经过测试的认知或感官测量介绍了年龄和复杂幻觉倾向之间的关系.
结论:
- 较少容易出现复杂的幻觉可能是典型的衰老特征.
- 在老年人中出现幻觉可能表明潜在的病态而不是正常的衰老.
- 需要进一步研究以了解与年龄相关的幻觉易感变化背后的机制.
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