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01:19Mechanism of heat transfer
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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01:14Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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01:20Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II
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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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01:14Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I
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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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02:46Quantifying Heat
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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a...
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01:58Cooperative Allosteric Transitions
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通过基因算法通过单分子结合控制声子热传输的分子内部机制
Matthias Blaschke1, Fabian Pauly1
1Institute of Physics and Center for Advanced Analytics and Predictive Sciences, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany.
ACS nano
|August 31, 2025
概括
研究人员使用基因算法找到具有低或高热导电性的分子. 他们确定了控制热传输的关键分子特征,帮助了分子声学设计.
科学领域:
- 凝聚物质物理学
- 材料科学
- 化学学
背景情况:
- 最近的进展报告测量了单分子结合中的热导电.
- 通过分子内部效应对热传输的控制在很大程度上仍未被探索.
- 这种巨大的化学空间使得识别具有极端导热性的分子变得复杂.
研究的目的:
- 系统地寻找具有低或高声热导电性的分子.
- 确定分子连接中调节声子热流的物理和化学机制.
- 在不同的理论层面上对已识别的机制进行分类.
主要方法:
- 使用遗传算法对分子结构进行系统的搜索.
- 分析了高性能和低性能分子的结构和性质关系.
- 研究的机制包括链接块,替代物,质量障碍,干扰,合和分子扭曲.
主要成果:
- 确定了抑制或增强声子传输的特定分子设计和特征.
- 降低热导电性的机制包括终端链接器选择,替代物,质量失序,破坏性干扰,元合和分子扭曲.
- 对于高导热的最佳分子是均的和链状的.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了一种系统的方法来设计向导热的分子.
- 已发现的机制为控制分子层面的热流提供了实际指导.
- 这些发现对分子声学和热管理应用的进步具有重要意义.